Improvement in churns



A. L. STARKEY.

Patented May 23,1876.

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N. PETERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHEH. WASHINGTONA D, C.

l"lJ'lvITEn STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALONZO L. STARKEY, OF ELWOOD, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND GEORGE M. OVERSHEIMER, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN CHURNS.

s peincation forming part of Letters Patent No. 177,765, dated May 23, 1876; application filed February 21, 1876.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALONZO L. STARKEY,

of Elwood, in the county'of Madison and State of Indiana, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Ohurning Apparatus, of which the following is a specification:

Figure l is a vertical section of myiinproved churning apparatus, taken through the line m Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same, takenrthrough the line y y, Fig. 1, lookingupward. l

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

lindrical in form, and may be made of wood,

earthenware, or metal, as may be desired. B is the lid orv cover, which may be made in two unequal parts hinged to each other, and which is scured to the body A by springcatches (l. To the lid B is attached 'a frame or bracket, D, in which revolves a horizontal shaft, E, to the outer end of which is attached a crank, F, and upon its inner end is screwed a large bevel-'gear wheel, G. The teeth of the gear-wheel G, upon its lowerl side', mesh into the teeth of a small bevel-gear wheel, H, attached to the upper end of a short hollow shaft, I, which revolves in a hole in nthe oenter of the lid B. Theteeth of the gear-wheel AG upon its upper side mesh into Jthe small bevel-gear wheel J, screwed upon the. upper part of the shaft K, the upper end of which revolves in the upper arm of an angle-bar, L, the lower arm of which is secured to the frame Or bracket D by a set-screw M, which passes through a slot in said frame Or bracket D, so that it may be conveniently raised, when desired, to detach the shaft K. To the lower end of the hollow shaft I is attached one or more cross-bars, N, of a length alittle less than the diameter of the churn-body A, and to its ends are attached the upper ends of the vertical blades or paddles O, which are rounded upon their outer sides and are dat upon their inner side, and are setat an inclination so as to tend to throw the milk from the outer part toward the center of the churn-body. To the lower end of the shaft K, just below the crossbar N, is attached a cross-bar, P, having blades or paddles Q, similar to the blades or paddles O attached to the cross bar N. rllhe blades or paddles Q are inclined inthe opposite direction from the paddles O, so as to throw the milk from the center toward the sides of the churn-body A. f

By this construction, as the crank F is turned the two sets of paddles O Q will be turned in opposite directioiis, the one set of paddles throwing the milk outward and the other throwing it inward, each sct meeting and breaking up the currents started by the other set, so as to keep the milk in violent agitation. The currents of milk are further broken up by vertical ribs B attached to the sidesiof the churn-body A, so as to increase the agitation of the milk.

'I am aware that rotary paddles have been employed; but it will be observed that I make blades s O that the dat sides strike the cream obliquely, so as to gather it in toward the center. By this construction the sharp edge enters the cream with little friction, and allows the churn to be worked easily, even by a child, while, by using no holes and throwing the cream continually toward the center, the churn is more easily cleaned, the liquid is not splashed ou t, and a less tight cover is required. Y

I am aware that it is not new to cause the paddles of la churn to revolve in Opposite directions, but they are made to strike the cream with the vertex ofthe angle, thus throwing it -on each side thereof, like a boat moving l through the water.

What I claim is- The combination, in a churn, of ltwo sets of paddlesrevolvin'g in opposite directions, the faces of one set being inclined so as to gather the liquid toward the center, and those of the other set to throw it back, thus producing conicting currents, as above described.

ALONZO L. STARKEY, Witnesses: y

GEORGE W. KELLEY, CHARLES NATION. 

